S 中考英语重点核心词汇详解(45~65)

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45. spread v.传播;扩散;张开,展开
词形变化:
过去式spread,过去分词spread
用法小结:
①表示“扩散,蔓延”,指影响更多的人或地方,后面可跟介词through/over/among等 。例如:
The disease spread rapidly among the poor.
疾病在穷人中间迅速传播 。
②表示“流传;散布,传播”,指信息或观点 , 可及物可不及物;其后可跟介词to/through/over等 。例如:
Word spread quickly that she was leaving.
她要离开的消息迅速传开 。
③表示“张开,伸开”,指手臂、手指、腿等;其后常接out 。例如:
She spread her arms and the child ran towards her.
她张开双臂,孩子向她跑来 。
(2019,浙江卷,词汇运用)
40. More and more people have realized the importance of spreading our _____________ culture.
46. standard n.&adj.标准(的)
用法小结→关联词组:
living standard=standard of living生活水平;
up to standard达到标准
名词用法:表示“水平 , 标准 , 规格,规范”,其后常接介词of:
How do you think of the general standard of education there?
你觉得那里教育的整体水准如何?
形容词用法:
①表示“正常的,标准的,普通的”,形容普遍接受的,相当于normal 。例如:
This is our standard price.
这是我们的标准价格 。
②表示“标准的”,指形状、大小、质量等 。例如:
We make shoes in standard and wide sizes.
我们制造标准码和加宽码的鞋子 。
词性转换:
standardize v.使标准化,使统一;
standardization n.标准化;
standardized adj.标准化的
反义词:non-standard adj.不标准的 , 不规范的;不规则的
(2019,山东卷,阅读A)The United Nations has standards for safe listening.
47. staten.状态,情形;国家;(美国的)州
关联词组:
state of mind心理状态,心境;
mental state精神状态
用法小结:
①表示“状况,状态,情况,情形”,指人的身体或心理状况或指物,相当于condition;其后常接介词of;
“处于……状态”用in…state表示 。例如:
When we bought the house, it was in a terrible state.
我们买下这栋房子时 , 它的状况很糟糕 。
②即可指“国家”,也可指国家的“州,邦”等 。例如:
WTO member states世贸组织成员国;
the state government州政府
(2019,江苏卷 , 阅读填空)Emper or Qinshihuang unitedthe seven majorstates into one country where the Chinese writing system began to develop in one direction.
48. stay n.&v.停留,逗留,呆;保持
用法小结:
名词用法:可数名词,但一般以单数出现,常和介词in/at搭配,和形容词long/short搭配 。例如:
I had a short stay in that famous hotel.
我在那家有名的旅馆住过一小段时间 。
动词用法:
①实义动词,表示“停留,逗留,留下”或者“暂住”,不及物动词,常和各种副词或介词搭配使用,如
stay home呆在家;
stay for+ time /暂住多久;
stay in+ place呆在/暂住某地;
stayhere/there留在这里/那里;例如:
I stayed for a year in Paris to study art.
我在巴黎待了一年学习艺术 。
②连系动词,表示“维持,保持原状”,
stay+ 形容词;
stay+ away/in/on;等 。例如:
I can&39;s deer.
50. stepn.脚步;台阶 , 梯级;v.走 , 跨步
用法小结→关联词组:
step by step逐步地;
first step第一步,首要步骤;
next step下一步;
watch your step注意脚下
名词用法:
1.表示“脚步,步”,常与动词take搭配,与副词back/forward搭配 。例如:
Tom took a step back and held the dooropen.
汤姆后退一步 , 把门撑开着 。
2.表示“梯级,台阶” 。例如:
He climbed the wooden steps and rang the bell.
他爬上木楼梯,按响门铃 。
3.表示“步骤 , 措施”,指一系列行动中的一步,相当于action/measure;
常和动词take搭配;
step后面可接in sth.或todo sth.;
还可接towards表示方向 。例如:
The president took immediate steps to stop the fighting.
总统立即采取措施阻止战斗 。
an important step towards peace
通往和平的重要一步
动词用法:
1.表示“跨步 , 迈步”,其后常接
forward/back/down/into等词 。例如:
He stepped back to let me through.
他后退一步让我通过 。
2.表示“踩,踏”,其后常接in/on等介词 。例如:
You’re stepping on my foot.
你踩到我的脚了 。
(2019 , 浙江卷,阅读D)The hospital can then take extra steps to take care of that baby so he or she does not get sick.
51. stickv.粘?。豢ㄗ 。患岢郑籲.木棒(棍),枝条
用法小结→词形变化:
过去式stuck,过去分词stuck
关联词组:
stick together粘在一起;在一起 , 团结一致;
stick to sth.坚持(做某事,不怕困难)
动词用法:
1.表示“粘,贴”,可及物可不及物,常和介词on/to/in等搭配 。例如:
He stuck a stamp on the envelope.
他把一张邮票贴到信封上 。
stick the broken pieces together.
把碎片粘到一起 。
2.表示“卡主,动不了”,
stick in sth.卡在……里面;
The key has stuck in the lock.
钥匙卡在锁里了 。
名词用法:
1.表示“枝条,柴枝”,指树的组成部分 。例如:
They collected sticks to start the fire.
他们捡来树枝生火 。
2.指某些作为工具的“棍/签/条/槌”,或“条(棍)状物” 。例如:
My Aunt walks with a stick.
我姑妈走路要拄拐棍 。
词性转换:
stuck adj.被卡主的,不能动的;
sticky adj.粘(性)的;
sticker n.张贴物
(2019 , 湖北卷,单项填空)
37一Everyone should stick to his dream.
一Yes.A life without a dream is like a bird without ________, which can&39;s wrong.
快别哭了,告诉我出了什么事 。
Stop it! You&39;s strangewe haven&39;s very strict about things like homework.
她对作业之类的事要求非常严格 。
They were always very strict with their children.
他们对子女一向十分严格 。
2.也可修饰命令、规则等,表示“必须严格遵守的”,常和rule/law/limit等搭配 。例如:
French privacy laws are very strict.
法国的隐私法非常严格 。
词性转换:
strictly adv.严格地;
strictness n.严格,严密
(2019,江苏卷 , 阅读A)
23. Why are there two cartooning classes on the program?
A. Because the classes are for different age groups.
B. Because more time is needed to learn cartooning
C. Because there is a strict limit on numbers for each class.
D. Because some children might want to do both the classes.
55. strongadj.强(壮)的;坚固的;强烈的;坚强的
用法小结:
1.表示“强壮的,力气大的” , 形容体魄,指能干重活,举起重物等;常修饰hands/arms/muscles等 。例如:
He picked her up in his big strong arms.
他用粗壮的双臂将她抱起来 。
2.表示“坚强的,坚定的;不会动摇的” , 形容意志、感情或观点等 。例如:
Laura had a strong character.
劳拉个性坚强 。
3.表示“坚固的,结实的”,形容物体不易破损或损坏 。例如:
The locks on the doors were solid and strong.
门上的锁都很坚固结实 。
4.表示“强大的 , 影响力大的”,或“强烈的” , 相当于powerful,常用来修饰power/influence等 。例如:
Such feelings may have a strong influence over your decisions.
这种情感可能对你的决定有很大影响 。
词性转换:
strongly adv.强有力地;激烈地;
strength n.力量;力气;
strengthen v.变强;加强
(2019,北京卷,完形)
And moments of failure like this build ___20___ —since then I’ve learned to faced is appointment and grown stronger.
20.A. trust B. pride
C. character D. support
56. stupid adj.愚蠢的,笨的
用法小结:
可用来形容人,表示“笨的,头脑迟钝的”;形容事物 , 表示“愚蠢的,傻的” 。例如:
I couldn’t do it, and it made me feel stupid.
这件事我做不来,这让我感到自己很愚蠢 。
Whose stupid idea was this?
这是谁的蠢主意?
词性转换:
stupidly adv.愚蠢地;
stupidity n.愚蠢;糊涂事
同义词:
silly adj.傻的,愚蠢的:
silly的语气要比stupid温和许多 。例如:
Don’t be so silly! There’s nothing wrong with you.
别傻了!你什么问题都没有 。
反义词:smart/clever adj.聪明的
(2019,浙江卷,语法填空)This old man seemed pretty stupid. But are we so much smarter?
(2019 , 浙江卷,阅读D)
30. The overall toneof this reading is _______________________.
A. sad and personal
B. personal and scientific
C. informative but silly
D. scientific and informative
57. subjectn.题目,主题;学科,科目;主语
用法小结:
①表示“主题,题目,话题”,指对话、讨论、书、电影等;
on the subject 关于……主题;
change the subject转换话题;例如:
Ihave nothing more to say on the subject.
关于这个问题,我再没有要说的了 。
②在学校方面,表示“学科,科目;课程”,例如:
My favourite subject is math.
我最喜欢的学科是数学 。
③在语法方面,表示“主语”,与宾语object相对应 。
词性转换:
subjective adj.主观的;个人的;
subjectively adv.主观地
同义词:clever adj.聪明的
(2019,江苏卷 , 阅读D)
32.Why does Sam say, &34;
A.To change the subject.
B. To introduce his next reason.
C.To support Liz&34;collapse&39;s sales in America were growing faster than Apple.
B. Huawei refused to supply services to the U.S. government.
C. They didn’t want Apple to sell parts and services to Huawei.
D. They thought Huawei collected information for the Chinese government.
62. supposev.猜想,料想,认为;假定
用法小结:
①不用进行式,通常接that从句;例如:
I suppose they’re going to sell the house.
我认为他们准备卖掉这栋房子 。
②be supposed to do/be sth.
应该做某事/是某事物 。例如:
I’m not supposed to tell anyone.
我不能告诉任何人的 。
What time are you supposed to be there?
你应该几点到那儿?
词性转换:
supposition n.推测;假定;
supposedly adv.可能
近义词:guess v.&n.猜测 , 猜想
(2019年,山东卷,单项选择)
9.To make rivers () than before, everybody is supposed to protect them.
A. dirty B. dirtier
C. clean D.cleaner
63. sureadj.确信的,肯定的;adv.的确,一定,当然
用法小结→关联词组:
for sure确实,毫无疑问地
形容词用法:
①be sure常接that从句;
not sure常接wh-从句;
be sure ofsth.确定(做)某事;
be sure about sth.对某事有把握;
be sure to do sth.一定做某事 。例如:
Are you sure that you know how to get there?
你肯定知道怎样到那里去吗?
Henry wasn’t sure how to answer this.
亨利不清楚该如何回答这个问题 。
They were talking about her, she was sure of that.
他们在谈论她,她很肯定 。
“That’s the man I saw last night.” “Are you sure about that?” “那就是我昨晚看见的那个男人 。”“你确定吗?”
He’s sure to get nervous and say something stupid.
他肯定会紧张,说出一些愚蠢的话来 。
②常用make sure表示“确保”或“查明,弄清楚” 。例如:
I’ll lock the door, just to make sure no one goes inside.
我会锁上门,就为确保没人进去 。
I wanted to make sure you were all right.
我想确认一下你是否没事 。
副词用法:主要在口语中用于表达同意;有时会用sure enough果然,果真 。例如:
“Can you give me a ride to work tomorrow?” “Sure.”
“明天我可以搭你的车去上班吗?”“当然可以 。
Sure enough, Mike get lost again.
果然 , 迈克又迷路了 。
词性转换:
surely adv.当然,无疑;
sureness n.确实
近义词:
certain adj.确定的 , 肯定的,确信的
(2019年,山东卷,动词应用)The driver, too, didn&39;m asked to name my favourite place to eat in Suzhou, I will reply ___13___.
13.A. right away B. in surprise
C. at most D.over there
65. symboln.象征,标志;符号
用法小结:
①表示“象征,标志”,或表示“代表,有代表性的人或物” , 其后常接介词of 。例如:
This ring is a symbol of our love.
这枚戒指是我们爱情的象征 。
②表示“符号,标记”,其后常接介词for 。例如:
What is the chemical symbol for gold?
金的化学符号是什么?
词性转换:
symbolic adj.象征(性)的;
symbolically adv.象征性地;
symbolize v.作为……的象征
(2019年 , 江苏卷 , 阅读填空)By the Shang Dynasty, these symbols had become a well-developed writing system.
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